By Stephanie Dwilson | 2025-11-28

A European Space Agency (ESA) white paper published in August examines how European industry and policymakers can leverage direct-to-device (D2D) technology from space for a range of applications, including disaster response.

"Converging Earth and Space: Direct-to-Device Connectivity via Satellite” provides a strategy for Europe, noting that if the ESA positions itself correctly, it can be a strategic leader in this emerging global market.

The report was released under the Space for 5G/6G and Sustainable Connectivity Program of the ARTES initiative, an ESA program to advance the telecommunications sector via space-based technology and services.

It explores topics including the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and its impact on how devices connect, along with the vital importance of creating a stable satellite-to-device infrastructure.

The ESA emphasizes that in order for Europe to remain competitive, it must focus on creating a seamless convergence between ground and space networks.

The 29-page report presents an overview of the D2D landscape -- including use cases, regulatory constraints, strategies involving the deployment of 6G -- and offers a roadmap for future European innovation.

Expanded, stabilized connectivity

Direct-to-device communications refers to the ability of standard consumer devices such as smartphones and wearables to directly connect to satellites without the need for specialized equipment.

Achieving this globally would vastly expand mobile connectivity so that it could even reach remote areas that remain disconnected from terrestrial networks.

Technological evolution is making this goal increasingly likely, with the miniaturization of satellite-capable chipsets for mass market devices and the standardization of relevant protocols like 3GPP, according to the report.

The satellite industry in particular is poised for D2D connectivity, thanks to more low-earth orbit constellations, standardized protocols, and flexible payloads.

Likewise, the mobile industry is shifting in this direction by exploring roaming satellite partnerships and integrated satellite-capable chipsets for devices.

Needs in the global market point to the necessity of this D2D goal, according to the report, which notes that 2.6 billion people worldwide still lack reliable mobile broadband coverage.

Emergency services require always-available connectivity, it says, while enterprises in remote areas need satellite connectivity.

Agriculture and environmental industries require low-cost global monitoring; maritime transport seeks enhanced passenger messaging; and the automotive industry needs over-the-air updates and enhanced safety services.

Diplomats and aid workers need to maintain connectivity in fragile, remote regions, while humanitarian organizations could use portable connectivity kits for field workers. Travelers also expect seamless smartphone connections.

ESA can lead the way

With all these factors converging at once, Europe has a strategic opportunity to be a leader in the industry, the report says.

But to do so, it notes, further innovations will need to be encouraged, such as the development of consumer devices designed with satellite connectivity as a forefront goal.

The ESA can play a leading role this satellite revolution, the report says, noting that it will need to foster technological development that bridges the gap between mobile and satellite sectors.

It also will need to push for the global standardization of satellite communication networks, along with developing an infrastructure that facilitates seamless handovers between terrestrial and satellite service, among other steps.

The report concludes with a phased roadmap for Europe’s technological development, stretching to 2030 and beyond.

"Direct-to-Device satellite communication is no longer a distant concept -- it is a tangible, rapidly evolving domain that will define the next decade of mobile and satellite convergence," it says.

"Europe has the skills, assets, and vision to lead this transformation, but only through coordinated, timely, and bold action."